Pruebas de hemostasia preoperatorias: una revisión narrativa de las guías existentes
Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación, ISSN: 0034-9356, Vol: 71, Issue: 10, Page: 740-747
2024
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Article Description
Tradicionalmente, se solicitan pruebas de hemostasia a todo paciente que requiere cualquier acto quirúrgico o procedimiento diagnóstico-terapéutico invasivo tratando evitar complicaciones hemorrágicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es valorar la necesidad de solicitar pruebas de hemostasia estándar pre-procedimiento. Revisión bibliográfica narrativa mediante la base de datos PubMed. Los términos de búsqueda utilizados fueron: «hemostasis» o «blood coagulation» en combinación con «preoperative care» o «preoperative period» o «preoperative procedure». De forma complementaria, se realizó una búsqueda dirigida a encontrar recomendaciones de sociedades internacionales relacionados con el tema. Se encontraron 233 artículos, se preseleccionaron 17 y, tras su evaluación a texto completo, se obtuvieron 14 artículos relevantes. La búsqueda dirigida proporcionó 12 artículos adicionales. La solicitud de pruebas debe ser individualizada de acuerdo con la historia clínica. Los cuestionarios estandarizados de cribaje de alteraciones de la hemostasia son útiles y complementan a la anterior. Factores como la edad, la clasificación de la Sociedad Americana de Anestesiología (ASA), la complejidad-potencialidad de sangrado del procedimiento y la técnica anestésica pueden influir en su solicitud. Las alteraciones de la hemostasia en la población general son muy bajas y estas pueden ser detectadas en su mayoría mediante la historia clínica. De esta forma, es esta la que debe guiar la necesidad de solicitud de pruebas de laboratorio. Las pruebas de hemostasia preoperatorias no deben solicitarse de forma indiscriminada a todo paciente que requiere una intervención o procedimiento diagnóstico-terapéutico invasivo, sino cuando existan dudas sobre su competencia hemostásica o así sea aconsejable por el tipo de procedimiento a que se someten. Hemostasis tests are traditionally requested for all patients requiring any surgical act or invasive diagnostic-therapeutic procedure to prevent hemorrhagic complications. The aim of this study is to assess the necessity of requesting standard pre-procedure hemostasis tests. A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed database. Search terms included «Hemostasis» or «Blood coagulation» in combination with «Preoperative care», «Preoperative period», or «Preoperative procedure». Additionally, a targeted search was performed to find recommendations from international societies related to the topic. A total of 233 articles were found, 17 were pre-selected, and after full-text evaluation, 14 relevant articles were identified. The targeted search yielded an additional 12 articles. The request for tests should be individualized according to the clinical history. Standardized screening questionnaires for hemostasis disorders are useful and complement the aforementioned approach. Factors such as age, ASA classification, bleeding potential-complexity of the procedure, and anesthetic technique may influence their request. The incidence of hemostasis disorders in the general population is very low, and these can mostly be detected through clinical history. Thus, it is the clinical history that should guide the need for laboratory test requests. Preoperative hemostasis tests should not be indiscriminately requested for all patients needing an intervention or invasive diagnostic-therapeutic procedure, but rather when there are doubts about their hemostatic competence or as advised by the nature of the procedure they are undergoing. invasivo. e hemostasia preoperat a cialquier der a la pregunta de que si es preceptivo solicitar pruebas de hemostasia preoperat
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034935624001166; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redar.2024.06.002; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85199944938&origin=inward; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034935624001166; https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redar.2024.06.002
Elsevier BV
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