Características de los programas de entrenamiento de fuerza muscular en personas mayores con sarcopenia. Revisión de alcance
Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, ISSN: 0211-139X, Vol: 56, Issue: 5, Page: 279-288
2021
- 4Citations
- 125Captures
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Metrics Details
- Citations4
- Citation Indexes4
- CrossRef1
- Captures125
- Readers125
- 85
- 32
Review Description
El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar las características de los programas basados en ejercicio de fuerza muscular y de los desenlaces de salud física, psicológica y funciones cognitivas, evaluados en personas mayores con sarcopenia. Esta revisión se realizó utilizando los criterios y el diagrama de flujo establecidos en la declaración PRISMA, considerando estudios entre los años 2011 y 2020 en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Fueron elegidos 13 ensayos controlados aleatorizados. La edad promedio de las personas mayores fue de 72,2 años, con rango etario entre 71 y 80 años, considerando una muestra total de 1.029 (57% mujeres). Los programas de ejercicio de fuerza muscular se realizaron principalmente en dependencias universitarias, con una alta adherencia (91,2%) y lograron inducir aumento de fuerza y masa muscular. Los parámetros más frecuentes fueron una extensión entre 3 y 9 meses, con una frecuencia de 2 a 3 veces por semana y con una duración de 50-90 min, utilizando entre 8 y 15 repeticiones, en una zona de entrenamiento intensa con ? 1RM entre 60 y 85%. Los desenlaces de salud física más evaluados fueron la fuerza muscular, la masa muscular y el IMC. El deterioro cognitivo fue evaluado de forma frecuente. Escasos estudios evaluaron la salud mental. Esta revisión caracterizó los programas de ejercicio de fuerza muscular en personas mayores con sarcopenia en cuanto a su extensión, frecuencia, duración e intensidad, así como los desenlaces de salud y los instrumentos más utilizados. Estos resultados podrían ser útiles para prescribir futuros programas de ejercicio físico en adultos mayores con sarcopenia. The aim of this scoping review was to analyze the resistance training-based programs’ characteristics and outcomes of physical and psychological health and cognitive functions measured in older adults with sarcopenia. This scoping review was carried out following the criteria and flow diagram established in the PRISMA guidelines and included studies from 2011 until 2020 from electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included. The sample's average age was 72.2 years, with an age range between 71 and 80 years, considering a total sample of 1029 older adults (57% women). Resistance training-based programs were carried out mainly in university facilities, presented high adherence (91.2%) and were able to induce increase in strength and muscle mass. The most frequent parameters used were 2-3 weekly, 50-90-min-long sessions for 3-9 months, using between 8 and 15 repetitions, in an intense training zone with 1-RM between 60% and 85%. The most measured physical health outcomes were muscle strength, muscle mass, and BMI. Cognitive impairment was frequently evaluated, and few studies evaluated mental health. This review characterized resistance training-based programs in older people with sarcopenia, highlighting the extension, frequency, duration, and intensity of these, as well the most frequently used outcome measures and instruments. These results could be useful for prescribing future resistance training-based programs in older adults with sarcopenia.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0211139X2100086X; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2021.05.004; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85108501734&origin=inward; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34147282; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0211139X2100086X; https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2021.05.004
Elsevier BV
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