Assessment and selection of a micro-hybrid renewable energy system for sustainable energy generation in rural areas of Zambia

This research focuses on the implementation of micro-hybrid renewable energy systems (MHRES) in rural Zambia, where a large part of the population lacks adequate electrical infrastructure. Using a multi-criterion decision-making approach (MCDM), specifically the Technique for Preference Order by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with an entropy-weighted method, this research aims to identify an optimal MHRES solution to replace dependence on wood and fossil fuels. Analysis is carried out in 14 scenarios, taking into account technical, economic, social, and environmental criteria. The results show that a biogas-solar photovoltaic integrated with Energy System Power Safe Storage Battery Systems 190 (SBS 190) is the most visible option, demonstrating a relative proximity of 0.98556. In contrast, a diesel generator-solar PV system is the least favorable, with a relative proximity of 0.02576. Validation of the results through a convergent distance assessment (CODAS), an evaluation based on the distance from the average solution (EDAS), and the weighted aggregate sum of the product assessment (WASPAS) confirm its robustness. The proposed MHRES solution is designed to meet the energy needs of rural communities using local biomass and solar resources, free of obstacles by high buildings and structures. This research highlights the potential of MHRES to meet energy needs and promote sustainable development in developing countries, providing valuable insights for policymakers and energy stakeholders.