Prise en charge d’une malformation artério-veineuse pulmonaire avec hypertension pulmonaire
Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, ISSN: 0761-8425, Vol: 37, Issue: 8, Page: 671-676
2020
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Article Description
Les malformations artério-veineuses pulmonaires (MAVP) sont des communications directes anormales entre des artères et des veines pulmonaires sans interposition d’un secteur capillaire. L’artério-embolisation est considérée comme le traitement de choix avec un bénéfice en termes d’hématose et de prévention des complications. Elle est classiquement considérée comme une contre-indication relative en cas d’hypertension pulmonaire (HTP) en raison du risque d’aggravation théorique de celle-ci. Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente de 70 ans présentant une volumineuse MAVP ainsi qu’une HTP pré-capillaire (PAPm = 21 mmHg, résistance vasculaire pulmonaire [RVP] à 3,4 unités Wood) en lien avec une bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) emphysémateuse de stade 2. Le débit de shunt et la RVP post-embolisation ont été estimés à 26 % et à 4,6 unités Wood, valeurs jugées compatibles avec une artério-embolisation de la MAVP. Cette dernière a permis une amélioration clinique et de l’hématose sans aggravation de l’HTP. L’embolisation d’une MAVP peut être envisagée chez des patients présentant une HTP stable mais nécessite une évaluation hémodynamique préalable. L’estimation du débit de shunt et de la RVP post-embolisation permet d’aider à la décision thérapeutique. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) are abnormal communications between arteries and pulmonary veins without interposition of capillaries. Embolization is effective both in reducing lifetime complications associated with PAVM and in improving arterial oxygenation. Embolization is however not recommended in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) as it abolishes low resistance pathways for pulmonary blood flow and therefore might be expected to elevate pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). We report the case of a 70-year-old patient with a large PAVM as well as group 3 PH [mean PAP = 21 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at 3.4 Wood units] secondary to stage 2 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with emphysema. According to the measured shunt flow (26% of cardiac output), predicted post-embolization PVR was estimated at 4.6 Wood units. These values were considered compatible with embolization of the PAVM. Dyspnea and gas exchange improved after PAVM embolization, without worsening PH. Embolization of a PAVM can be considered in patients with stable PH but requires careful prior hemodynamic assessment. The estimation of the shunt flow and predicted post-embolization PVR may guide the therapeutic decision.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0761842520302126; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2020.06.012; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85087935278&origin=inward; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32675004; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0761842520302126; https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2020.06.012
Elsevier BV
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