Multi-walled carbon nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents for determination of atrazine and its principal metabolites in water and soil samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Science of The Total Environment, ISSN: 0048-9697, Vol: 396, Issue: 1, Page: 79-85
2008
- 109Citations
- 44Captures
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Metrics Details
- Citations109
- Citation Indexes109
- 109
- CrossRef88
- Captures44
- Readers44
- 44
Article Description
A novel, simple, cost-effective, and sensitive method was developed for the determination of atrazine and its principal metabolites namely deisopropyl-atrazine (DIA) and deethyl-atrazine (DEA) in water and soil samples using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as solid-phase extraction (SPE) adsorbents coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Several condition parameters, such as sample loading flow-rate, eluent and elution volume, extractant and ratio of extraction solvent to sample, were optimized to achieve good sensitivity and precision for the extraction and elution of analytes. A methanol/water solution (50%, v/v) was used to extract atrazine, DIA and DEA from soil. After the extracts went through SPE cartridges (packed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes) at a flow-rate of 4 mL min −1, the analytes were eluted by 4 mL ethyl acetate at the rate of 1 mL min −1 under a vacuum pump. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) of the proposed method was 0.02 μg kg −1 for atrazine in water and 0.3 μg kg −1 in soil; 0.04 μg kg −1 for DIA in water and 1.0 μg kg −1 in soil; 0.05 μg kg −1 for DEA in water and 0.8 μg kg −1 in soil. Mean recoveries were in the range of 72.27–109.68%, and the reproducibility was accepted (RSD < 13%) under the optimum conditions. This developed method was applied to determine the analytes in real environmental samples, and the concentrations of atrazine were 0.77–10.83 μg kg −1, while DEA and DIA were not detected.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969708001435; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.016; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=42749084322&origin=inward; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18372005; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969708001435; https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.016
Elsevier BV
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