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Long-lived electrochromic device with protonated viologen and Poly(ethylenedioxythiophene-carbazole)/Prussian blue composite for smart windows

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, ISSN: 0927-0248, Vol: 269, Page: 112797
2024
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Article Description

A complementary electrochromic device (ECD) configuration featuring a protonated viologen (VNH 2+ ) as the cathodically coloring electrochrome and a composite of poly(ethylenedioxythiophene-carbazole) (i.e. poly(EDOT-Cz)) and Prussian blue (PB) as the anodically coloring electrochrome marks the first implementation of this innovative high contrast device. A comparative analysis of VNH 2+ //poly(EDOT-Cz) and VNH 2+ //poly(EDOT-Cz)/PB ECDs demonstrates a superior integrated visible light transmission modulation ( ΔT ) of 50.4%, versus 76.7%, higher diffusion coefficient of 4.4 × 10 −11 versus 3.9 × 10 −10  cm 2  s −1, higher coloration efficiency ( CE ) of 424 versus 562 cm 2  C −1 (at 550 nm), faster color-bleach switching times of (7.0 and 4.0 s) versus (1.2 and 1.0 s) and a CIE chromaticity coordinate corresponding an intense deep blue state ( y : 0.058 versus 0.218) achieved with the composite relative to the pure polymer. The VNH 2+ //PB ECD also shows lower CE (69 cm 2  C −1 ) and slower coloration-bleaching kinetics (20 and 2 s) compared to the composite based ECD. In addition, long-term cycling stability attained for the VNH 2+ //poly(EDOT-Cz)/PB ECD, whereby it endures 5000+ color-bleach cycles without showing any major deterioration in optical modulation or switching kinetics underscores the suitability of the composite based ECD for practical smart window applications.

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