Eryptosis is an indicator of hematotoxicity in the risk assessment of environmental amorphous silica nanoparticles exposure: The role of macromolecule corona

Silica nanoparticles (SiO 2 NPs) have been widely manufactured for various applications and unintentionally generated in various industrial processes. SiO 2 NPs exposure is potentially hazardous to human health. Incremental evidence has indicated the presence of SiO 2 NPs in systemic circulation, which warranted their interaction with blood components. Due to the obvious weakness of hemolysis in the risk assessment of environmental NPs, we for the first time use eryptosis as a sensitive indicator to assess the hematotoxicity of SiO 2 NPs. In vitro results showed that the exposure of erythrocytes to pristine SiO 2 NPs resulted in typical features of eryptosis, including oxidative stress, calcium influx, phosphatidylserine externalization and hemolysis. However, SiO 2 NPs covered with mouse plasma (SiO 2 @MP) or grafted with polyvinylpyrrolidone (SiO 2 @PVP) did not stimulate eryptosis. Interestingly, neither bare nor macromolecule-decolorated SiO 2 NPs caused eryptosis in our in vivo mouse model, highlighting the protective role of coronal proteins on the amelioration of SiO 2 NPs-induced hematotoxicity. These results emphasized the influences of surface modification on the toxicity of environmental NPs.