An overview of sample preparation for the determination of parabens in cosmetics

The controversial and widespread use of parabens in cosmetics makes this group of compounds particularly interesting from an analytical point of view. This article provides an overview on analytical methodology for the determination of parabens in cosmetic products, placing special emphasis on sample preparation. First, we consider simple approaches such as dilution and homogenization or, to a lesser extent, direct analysis. Then, we discuss different extraction techniques used in a vast range of applications. In modern extraction strategies, the following sample pretreatments are of increasing interest and we address them in this review: (1)new materials for solid-phase extraction;(2)matrix solid-phase dispersion;(3)dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction;(4)solid-phase microextraction;(5)stir-bar sorptive extraction;(6)liquid-phase microextraction;(7)supercritical fluid extraction; and,(8)pressurized liquid extraction.