Molecular detection of murine noroviruses in laboratory and wild mice

Fecal specimens collected from 121 laboratory mice, 30 striped field mice ( Apodemus agrarius ), 70 yellow-necked mice ( Apodemus flavicollis ), and 3 bank voles ( Myodes glareolus ) were tested in sample pools for the presence of murine noroviruses (MNV). Ten of 41 laboratory mice and 2 of 3 striped field mice pooled samples were positive for MNV. All laboratory mouse MNVs were closely related to previously described MNVs. The complete ORF2 (VP1) of both striped field mouse MNVs identified in this study was 1623 nt (541 aa) long and differed at 12% nt (8% aa) positions from each other, at 22–24% nt (15–18% aa) positions from the laboratory mouse MNVs and at 20–22% nt (13–14% aa) positions from the recently described wood mouse ( Apodemus sylvaticus ) MNVs. This study provides further evidence for the circulation of novel, genetically diverse MNVs in wild mice.