Acute alcohol intoxication and gadolinium chloride attenuate endotoxin-induced release of CC chemokines in the rat

This work tests the hypotheses that Kupffer cells are a major source of CC-chemokines (MIP-1α, MCP-1, RANTES) during acute endotoxemia and that acute ethanol intoxication modulates Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/Kg, i.v.)-induced chemokine release in the rat. LPS stimulated the release of CC-chemokines into the circulation, hepatic sequestration of leukocytes and liver injury. LPS-induced serum chemokines peaked at 1–3 h and could not be detected at 24-h posttreatment. Splenectomy significantly suppressed LPS-induced RANTES release, but not MIP-1α and MCP-1. Kupffer cell depletion by gadolinium chloride or acute ethanol intoxication significantly attenuated LPS-induced CC-chemokine release and hepatic injury. Hepatic sequestration of leukocytes during endotoxemia was also suppressed by acute ethanol. LPS downregulated the expression of MIP-1α and MCP-1 mRNAs and upregulated RANTES mRNA in Kupffer cells at 3-h post endotoxin. The expression of mRNAs was further suppressed in ethanol plus the LPS-treated group. Ethanol also suppressed the LPS-mediated priming of Kupffer cells for enhanced CC-chemokine release in vitro. Ethanol alone significantly upregulated the expression of CC-chemokine mRNA, and primed the Kupffer cells for enhanced RANTES release. CC-chemokine release and mRNA expression in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells were not significantly altered by ethanol, except for MCP-1 release. These data show that acute ethanol may be beneficial in tissue injury during acute endotoxemia.