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Transcription and cancer

Advances in Genome Biology, ISSN: 1067-5701, Vol: 3, Issue: C, Page: 233-278
1995
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Article Description

This chapter describes transcription and cancer. Transcription is the process of copying small regions of the genomic DNA in the nucleus into mobile RNA species that, after processing, are translocated to the cytoplasm, where the information they carry is translated into a polypeptide chain by ribosomes. The regulation of transcription is central to the control of the vast majority of cellular functions and, in particular, differentiation and the response of cells to external signals. Cancers, or more generally neoplasms, are clones of cells that have the ability to grow and divide independent of external controls and that, on the whole, are less differentiated than the cells of the organ in which they arose. As transcriptional regulation is of such importance to both growth responses and differentiation, it is clear that the deregulation of transcription must play an important part in the development of neoplasms. Evidence is accumulating rapidly to support this notion from the study of the functions of viral oncogenes and their cellular counterparts and also from the genetic analysis of human tumors, most notably the leukemias.

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