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Disruption of cytochrome c oxidase function induces the Warburg effect and metabolic reprogramming

Oncogene, ISSN: 1476-5594, Vol: 35, Issue: 12, Page: 1585-1595
2016
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Disrupting cells' 'powerhouses' can lead to tumor growth, study finds

Disrupting the function of the mitochondria (panels on right) made cells highly invasive compared to control cells. Cancer cells defy the rules by which normal

Article Description

Defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes, altered bioenergetics and metabolic shift are often seen in cancers. Here we show a role for the dysfunction of the electron transport chain component cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) in cancer progression. We show that genetic silencing of the CcO complex by shRNA expression and loss of CcO activity in multiple cell types from the mouse and human sources resulted in metabolic shift to glycolysis, loss of anchorage-dependent growth and acquired invasive phenotypes. Disruption of the CcO complex caused loss of transmembrane potential and induction of Ca2+/Calcineurin-mediated retrograde signaling. Propagation of this signaling includes activation of PI3-kinase, IGF1R and Akt, Ca2 + -sensitive transcription factors and also TGFβ1, MMP16 and periostin, which are involved in oncogenic progression. Whole-genome expression analysis showed the upregulation of genes involved in cell signaling, extracellular matrix interactions, cell morphogenesis, cell motility and migration. The transcription profiles reveal extensive similarity to retrograde signaling initiated by partial mitochondrial DNA depletion, although distinct differences are observed in signaling induced by CcO dysfunction. The possible CcO dysfunction as a biomarker for cancer progression was supported by data showing that esophageal tumors from human patients show reduced CcO subunits IVi1 and Vb in regions that were previously shown to be the hypoxic core of the tumors. Our results show that mitochondrial electron transport chain defect initiates a retrograde signaling. These results suggest that a defect in the CcO complex can potentially induce tumor progression.

Bibliographic Details

S. Srinivasan; M. Guha; D. W. Dong; G. Ruthel; N. G. Avadhani; K. A. Whelan; H. Nakagawa; Y. Uchikado; S. Natsugoe

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

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