ALA and its clinical impact, from bench to bedside
Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, ISSN: 1474-9092, Vol: 7, Issue: 3, Page: 283-289
2008
- 209Citations
- 133Captures
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Example: if you select the 1-year option for an article published in 2019 and a metric category shows 90%, that means that the article or review is performing better than 90% of the other articles/reviews published in that journal in 2019. If you select the 3-year option for the same article published in 2019 and the metric category shows 90%, that means that the article or review is performing better than 90% of the other articles/reviews published in that journal in 2019, 2018 and 2017.
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Metrics Details
- Citations209
- Citation Indexes209
- 209
- CrossRef176
- Captures133
- Readers133
- 133
Review Description
ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is used for fluorescence diagnosis (ALA-FD) and for fluorescence-guided resection of both (pre)malignant and non-malignant diseases. ALA is also applied in photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) of superficial (pre)malignant lesions in dermatology, urology, neurosurgery, otorhinolaryngology, gynecology and gastroenterology. Today, ALA is approved as Levulan® for actinic keratoses, the ALA-methyl ester Metvix® for actinic keratoses and basal cell carcinoma, the ALA-hexyl ester Hexvix® for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and Gliolan® for malignant glioma. The use of ALA for PDT and FD was established around 25 years ago, with most of the fundamental knowledge gained at the "bench" and implemented at the "bedside" due to the diligence of a few researchers within the first 10 years of research. After 1993 ALA research was taken up by many groups. For patient treatment, several factors are relevant. Administered mainly in a topical or oral form, ALA penetrates tissue in a sub-optimal way, which is currently improved by special techniques and the use of ALA-esters. PpIX accumulation is elevated in many malignant tissues, several tissue abnormalities, and in mucosa. It is also found at elevated levels in macrophages, dendritic cells and activated lymphocytes. Following sufficient PpIX accumulation in the target cells, irradiation is carried out which may be accompanied by a burning sensation at the treatment site. Due to a saturation process of PpIX formation and rapid photobleaching during irradiation the risk of overtreatment is relatively low. Pharmacokinetical studies have demonstrated a low systemic photosensitivity and excretion of PpIX via natural routes. © The Royal Society of Chemistry and Owner Societies.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=41849123057&origin=inward; http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b712847a; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18389144; https://link.springer.com/10.1039/b712847a; http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=B712847A; http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2008/PP/B712847A
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