Ambient spark generation to synthesize carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticles in continuous aerosol manner
Nanoscale, ISSN: 2040-3364, Vol: 1, Issue: 3, Page: 339-343
2009
- 27Citations
- 27Captures
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Article Description
We report the use of spark generation in an inert gas atmosphere to synthesize carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticles (CEMNs) in a continuous aerosol manner using a metal (nickel, cobalt, iron)-graphite carbon electrode configuration without the use of a vacuum. The spark-generated particles consisted of CEMNs and carbonaceous aggregated debris. The outer layer of the CEMNs showed parallel fringes (ordered graphitic nanostructures) while the debris consisted of disordered nanostructures. Electron and X-ray diffraction showed that both metal and graphite in the CEMNs were the pure elements except for iron-carbon, which contained a carbide phase. Based on the order of the activation energies for carbon diffusion into a metal: iron-carbon (10.5-16.5 kcal mol) < cobalt-carbon (34.7 kcal mol) ∼ nickel-carbon (33.0-34.8 kcal mol), it was concluded that carbide particles form more easily from elemental iron than nickel or cobalt. The metal-to-carbon mass fractions of the spark-generated particles from nickel (anode)-carbon (cathode), cobalt-carbon, and iron-carbon spark configurations were 18.7, 28.3, and 11.2%, respectively, while the mass fractions for the configurations of metal (cathode)-carbon (anode) were 6.4, 9.1, and 4.3%, respectively. Similarly, the yield of CEMNs from the metal (anode)-carbon (cathode) electrodes was higher (54, 61, and 53%) than that of metal (cathode)-carbon (anode) electrodes (18, 30, and 18%). © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2009.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=77951592765&origin=inward; http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b9nr00058e; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20648270; https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=b9nr00058e; https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b9nr00058e; https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2009/nr/b9nr00058e
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
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