A multi-functional photothermal-catalytic foam for cascade treatment of saline wastewater

Saline organic wastewater (SOW) is more dangerous to the environment and difficult to clean as compared to ordinary wastewater. Traditional photothermal materials can extract distilled water from wastewater through interfacial solar evaporation. However, the condensed wastewater after evaporation accumulates high concentrations of organic pollutants, salts, and bacteria. Herein, for the first time we design a flexible multifunctional porous foam throughin situgrowth of rough CoNiSnanoneedle array on a PVDF framework (SCoNi-pDA/PVDF foam), which can achieve a high evaporation rate of 2.63 kg mhunder one-sun illumination. Meanwhile, SCoNi-pDA/PVDF foam exhibits significant enhancement in PMS activation for SOW degradation due to the coexistence of Coand Ni. The super-hydrophilic CoNiSnanoneedle array and intrinsic nature of metallic sulfides endow the SCoNi-pDA/PVDF foam with strong salt resistance and excellent antimicrobial properties. As a result, the catalytic and evaporation cascade system model proves the convenience of practical application of the SCoNi-pDA/PVDF foam, which can efficiently collect concentrated brine and freshwater (1.06 kg mh) during long-term outdoor evaporation of SOW. This work provides an inspiration for the future development of high-performance and multifunctional wastewater treatment materials and devices.