Na + –Ca 2+ exchange activity in rat skeletal myotubes: effect of lithium ions

The whole-cell patch-clamp technique coupled with intracellular [Ca 2+ ] measurements was used to investigate the sodium–calcium exchange mechanism in rat skeletal muscle cells in primary culture. Replacing external Na + ions with Li + or N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG + ) ions generated outward currents which were correlated with significant increases of free cytosolic-calcium concentration. These results strongly argue for a functional Na + –Ca 2+ exchange mechanism working in its reverse mode. Moreover, the outward currents were sensitive to the new compound KB-R7943 (10 μM), which has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of the sodium–calcium exchanger. Outward Na + –Ca 2+ exchange current densities were reduced in the presence of external Li + as compared to those measured in the presence of NMDG +. After replacing internal sodium by lithium ions, rapid changes of external lithium concentrations generated sarcolemmal currents which were accompanied by subsequent variations of intracellular calcium activity. The currents were dependent on extracellular Li + with a half-maximal activation at 67 mM and a Hill coefficient of 2.9. This work shows that the Na + –Ca 2+ exchanger is able to significantly influence the myoplasmic calcium concentration of cultured rat myotubes. On the other hand, our results suggest that Li + ions may substitute Na + ions to catalyse an electrogenic Li + /Ca 2+ counter transport.