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The theory of thermodynamic-acoustoelastic stress gauge

Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN: 0021-8979, Vol: 80, Issue: 9, Page: 4934-4943
1996
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Combining the thermodynamics at finite deformation with the acoustoelasticity of a specimen, which is initially stressed in three principal directions and subsequently subjected to finite uniaxial loading, we present the methods of constructing an absolute stress (or force) gauge that may be used to determine residual stresses and serve as an alternative to dead weight for calibration of load cells. Formulas for the effective Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, both evaluated at a current stress level, are derived in terms of thermodynamic elastic coefficients and stresses, which are generally equal to the initial stresses plus applied stresses. It is shown that the effective adiabatic Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio can be obtained from relevant wave speeds measured in various directions. The true principal stress under uniaxial loading can be calculated, if one measures directly the dimensional changes in three principal directions and relevant wave speeds in various directions and makes use of the adiabatic-isothermal conversion of the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. If the applied stress is measured the initial or residual stress can be calculated. One the other hand, if the initial stresses are zero and the applied stress is unknown, one can calculate the applied stress, which may be used to calibrate a load cell in a wide range of forces exceeding 1000 tons. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

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