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Impaired pulmonary nitric oxide bioavailability in pulmonary tuberculosis: Association with disease severity and delayed mycobacterial clearance with treatment

Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN: 0022-1899, Vol: 208, Issue: 4, Page: 616-626
2013
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Article Description

Background. Nitric oxide (NO), a key macrophage antimycobacterial mediator that ameliorates immunopathology, is measurable in exhaled breath in individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis. We investigated relationships between fractional exhale NO (FE) and initial pulmonary tuberculosis severity, change during treatment, and relationship with conversion of sputum culture to negative at 2 months. Methods. In Papua, we measured FE in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at baseline and serially over 6 months and once in healthy controls. Treatment outcomes were conversion of sputum culture results at 2 months and time to conversion of sputum microscopy results. Results. Among 200 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 88 controls, FE was lower for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at diagnosis (geometric mean FE, 12.7 parts per billion [ppb]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.6-13.8) than for controls (geometric mean FE, 16.6 ppb; 95% CI, 14.2-19.5; P =. 002), fell further after treatment initiation (nadir at 1 week), and then recovered by 6 months (P =. 03). Lower FE was associated with more-severe tuberculosis disease, with FE directly proportional to weight (P <. 001) and forced vital-capacity (P =. 001) and inversely proportional to radiological score (P =. 03). People whose FE increased or remained unchanged by 2 months were 2.7-fold more likely to achieve conversion of sputum culture than those whose FE decreased (odds ratio, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.05-7.12; P =. 04). Conclusions. Among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, impaired pulmonary NO bioavailability is associated with more-severe disease and delayed mycobacterial clearance. Measures to increase pulmonary NO warrant investigation as adjunctive tuberculosis treatments. © The Author 2013.

Bibliographic Details

Ralph, Anna P; Yeo, Tsin W; Salome, Cheryl M; Waramori, Govert; Pontororing, Gysje J; Kenangalem, Enny; Sandjaja; Tjitra, Emiliana; Lumb, Richard; Maguire, Graeme P; Price, Ric N; Chatfield, Mark D; Kelly, Paul M; Anstey, Nicholas M

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Medicine

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