Successful treatment of invasive fusarium verticillioides infection with posaconazole in a man with acute myelogenous leukemia

Infections caused by Fusarium species are now the second most commonly reported mold infections in immunocompromised patients after Aspergillus species. Disseminated Fusarium infections occur most frequently in patients with hematologic malignancies and are associated with unacceptably high mortality rates. Optimal therapy is not well defined, especially in the setting of refractory neutropenia. Although polyenes are still considered the drugs of choice, they have relatively poor in vitro and in vivo efficacy. We report a case of invasive Fusarium verticillioides of the nasal septum in a gentleman with acute myelogenous leukemia who was successfully treated with posaconazole and review the literature regarding therapeutic options. © 2010 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.