Optimal duration of concomitant nonbismuth quadruple therapy as first-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori: a prospective, open-label, comparative study

Background Concomitant nonbismuth quadruple therapy is recommended as first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection in high clarithromycin resistance areas, but the ideal duration of the regimen remains elusive. Aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of 10- versus 14-day concomitant therapy for H. pylori eradication in an area of high clarithromycin and low dual clarithromycin/metronidazole resistance. Methods This was a prospective, open-label study including adult patients with H. pylori infection without previous treatment, from September 2014 to June 2017. Concomitant therapy consisting of pantoprazole 40mg, amoxicillin 1g, clarithromycin 500mg, and a nitroimidazole 500mg was administered twice daily for 10 days in the first phase and for 14 days in the second phase of the study. Efficacy and side effects were compared between groups using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results In per protocol analysis, rates of eradication for the 10- and 14-day regimen were 91.9% (114/124) and 90.9% (110/121), respectively (P=0.77). In intention to treat analysis, rates of eradication were lower than 90%. Specifically, rates were 86.3% (114/132) for the 10-day regimen and 85.2% (110/129) for the 14-day regimen (P=0.8). Side effects, present in 31.3% of treated patients, were significantly more common in the 14-day group (P=0.015). Four patients discontinued treatment, all in the 14-day group. Conclusions Ten day concomitant nonbismuth quadruple therapy for H. pylori is highly efficacious and better tolerated than the 14-day regimen. Thus, 10-day therapy may be preferred as first-line treatment in clinical practice.