Use of ultrasound for assessment of musculoskeletal disease in persons with haemophilia: Results of an International Prophylaxis Study Group global survey

Aim: The objective of this survey was to understand the global trends of imaging assessments in persons with haemophilia, focusing on point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). Insights into the barriers impeding its widespread proliferation as a frontline imaging modality were obtained. Methods: The survey opened in September of 2017 and closed in May of 2018. Haemophilia Treatment Centres (HTCs) treating both paediatric/adult patients were the population of interest. A REDCap survey of 25 questions was disseminated to 232 clinical staff in 26 countries. Results: The majority of respondents (88.3%, 91/103) reported that POCUS is most useful to confirm or rule out a presumed acute joint bleed. European HTCs reported the highest routine use of POCUS at 59.5% (22/37) followed by HTCs in the “Other” countries of the world at 46.7% (7/15) and North American HTCs at 43.9% (25/57). At the time of the survey, physiotherapists were identified as the clinical staff who perform POCUS 52.8% (28/53) of the time, in contrast with nurses/nurse practitioners who represent only 5.7% (3/53) of users. The greatest perceived barriers to the implementation of POCUS are the lack of trained healthcare professionals who can perform POCUS at 69.2% (74/107) and the overall time commitment required at 68.2% (73/107). Conclusion: Despite POCUS being used in 49.5% (54/109) of sampled HTCs, it is still utilized almost 30% less globally than full diagnostic ultrasound. A list of barriers has been identified to inform HTCs which challenges they will likely need to overcome should they choose to incorporate this imaging modality into their practice.