Use of natural mRNAs in the cell-free protein-synthesizing systems of the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola

In vitro protein synthesis was studied in extracts of the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola by using as mRNAs the endogenous mRNA of V. costicola and the RNA of the R17 bacteriophage of Escherichia coli. Protein synthesis (amino acid incorporation) was dependent on the messenger, ribosomes, soluble cytoplasmic factors, energy source, and tRNA(F)(Met) (in the R17 RNA system) and was inhibited by certain antibiotics. These properties indicated de novo protein synthesis. In the V. costicola system directed by R17 RNA, a protein of the same electrophoretic mobility as the major coat protein of the R17 phage was synthesized. Antibiotic action and the response to added tRNA(F)(Met) showed that protein synthesis in the R17 RNA system, but not in the endogenous messenger system, absolutely depended on initiation. Optimal activity of both systems was observed in 250 to 300 mM NH (as glutamate). Higher salt concentrations, especially those with Cl as anion, were generally inhibitory. The R17 RNA-directed system was more sensitive to Cl ions than the endogenous system was. Glycine betaine stimulated both systems and partly overcame the toxic effects of Cl ions. Both systems required Mg, but in lower concentrations than the polyridylic acid-directed system previously studied. Initiation factors were removed from ribosomes by washing with 3.0 to 3.5 M NHCl, concentrations about three times as high as that needed to remove initiation factors from E. coli ribosomes. Washing with 4.0 M NHCl damaged V. costicola ribosomes, although the initiation factors still functioned. Cl ions inhibited the attachment of initiation factors to tRNA(F)(Met) but had little effect on binding of initiation factors to R17 RNA.