Molecular cytogenetic analysis of triticale and wheat lines with introgressions of the genetic material of triticeae tribe species

A number of problems associated with the necessity of creating forms that are characterized by resistance to diseases, pests, and unfavorable environmental conditions exist in the selection of cultivated cereals. The expansion of the genetic diversity by the genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses is reached by the use of the gene pool of wild and cultural common wheat relatives. In order to improve cereals by a number of economically valuable traits, the hybrid lines of the common wheat (T. aestivum/T. durum and T. aestivum/T. dicoccoides), as well as the triticale lines from the crossing between hexaploid triticale varieties and genome-substituted common wheat forms (in which the D genome is substituted for diploid Aegilops genomes), were obtained by the remote hybridization method. The aim of the study was to identify the lines of common wheat and hexaploid triticale with alien introgressions and to estimate their cytological stability by means of cytological and molecular genetic analyses. The use of the comparative analysis of the chromosome structure by the GISH and FISH methods, microsatellite and chromosome-specific markers for the triticale line genotyping allowed us to establish that the genome reorganization, which includes both introgression of the alien material and the common wheat chromosome rearrangement (resulting in new combinations of the genetic loci), occurs in the process of triticale hybridization with genome-substituted common wheat forms. The efficiency of using microsatellite markers developed on the base of the common wheat genome was demonstrated for the characterization of the T. aestivum/T. durum and T. aestivum/T. dicoccum lines created as a result of interspecific hybridization. From 4 to 12 translocations of different length from the T. durum, T. dicoccum were found in the chromosomes of the A and B genomes of the studied hybrid lines. The meiotic stability was detected in the studied hybrid triticale and wheat material; this created the preconditions for the preservation of alien introgressions in a number of the following generations.