Evaluation of the chenopodium ambrosioides leaf extract from taif region, Saudi Arabia on antimicroorganisms and the assessment of its genetic diversity using the RAMP assay

The complete phenolic and flavonoid content ofChenopodium ambrosioidswas extracted and analyzed calorimetrically in methanol and polyphenols, and quantified by HPLC assessment. An antioxidant assay was also carried out; DPPH radical scavenging activity was evaluated in methanol extract. Samples were screened for inhibitory potentials against free radicals and microbial types. The findings indicate that the HPLC assessment of phenolic acids was particularly enriched by quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and quercetin dirhamnoside in resorcinol acids, gallic acid, trans p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid and flavonoid compounds. The highest levels of polyphenols and flavonoids in Commiphora ambrosioides leaves are related to excellent DPPH radical inhibition outcomes.The inhibition zones for the gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, were 9mm and 18mm, while those for the gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris,were 15mm and 10mm. The inhibition zones for the two fungi,Cryptococcus neoformas and Candida albicans, were 12mm and 8mm respectively. From these results it could be recommended that the methanolic extract ofC.ambrosioides leaf revealed higher phenolic acids, flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the study of polyphenolic compound activity against some pathogenic bacteria foundC. ambrosioides extractexhibited significant bioactivity and antimicrobial properties.Seven Chenopodium ambrosioides samples were gathered from separate geographical places in Saudi Arabia and ten RAMP primer combinations were used in the phylogenetic analysis of these samples, all of which generated scorable PCR patterns. The RAMP assay produced 134 PCR patterns, with a mean of 13.4 patterns per primer. There were 75 polymorphic patterns, with a mean of 7.5 patterns per primer. The total polymorphic pattern percentage was 60%, with a range of 36-85%. The RAMP-PCR assay proved its efficiency in studying the diversity of C. ambrosioides, providing a high number of polymorphic PCR patterns with low cost and good reliability.