Genetic relationship to periodontal disease: A review

Periodontal disease is the most widespread and prevalent disease in the world which involves complex interactions between plaque microorganism and host immune system resulting in the loss of periodontal structures surrounding the tooth. Till recently the disease was thought to be caused by environmental factors, but now research is pointing to genetic causes of many of these diseases. Researchers are trying to identify the genetic mutations or polymorphism in respect to the various aspects of immunity. This article is a review of the monogenic disorders are caused by mutation of single gene and referred to as single gene disorders and polygenic alterations at multiple areas of the genes, each with a small contribution and is called polymorphism, that are influenced by environmental and behavioral factors.