Causes and predictors of early readmission after percutaneous coronary intervention among patients discharged on oral anticoagulant therapy

Patients discharged on oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) represent a complex population and are at higher risk of early readmission. The reasons and predictors of early readmission in this group have not been well characterized. We identified patients in an integrated health care system who underwent PCI between 2009 and 2014 and were readmitted within 30 days within this health care system. Of the 9,357 patients surviving to discharge after the index PCI, 692 were readmitted within 30 days (7.4%). At the time of readmission, 143 had been discharged from the index PCI hospitalization on OACs (96.5% on warfarin) and 549 had not been discharged on OACs, with readmission rates of 12.9% and 6.7%, respectively (p<0.01). The most common reason for readmission among all patients was chest pain syndromes (21.7% on OACs, 34.4% not on OACs). However, bleeding represented the next most frequent cause of readmission among patients on OACs (14.0% on OACs vs 6.0% not on OACs, p<0.01). Among patients on OAC therapy, peripheral arterial disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-2.57, p = 0.02) and nonelective PCI (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.17-3.12, p<0.01) were found to be independent predictors of 30-day readmission. During rehospitalization, compared to patients not on OACs, patients on OACs suffered a higher unadjusted rate of mortality (6.3% vs 1.8%, p<0.01) and a longer length of stay (6.4 ± 7.1 days vs 4.9 ± 6.8 days, p = 0.02). In conclusion, patients discharged on OAC therapy after PCI are commonly readmitted, with bleeding representing a major reason. These readmissions are associated with high mortality and longer lengths of stay. Interventions targeted towards optimizing discharge planning for these complex patients are needed to potentially reduce readmissions.