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Cardiometabolic risk factors in vegans; A meta-analysis of observational studies

PLoS ONE, ISSN: 1932-6203, Vol: 13, Issue: 12, Page: e0209086
2018
  • 76
    Citations
  • 0
    Usage
  • 327
    Captures
  • 7
    Mentions
  • 283
    Social Media
Metric Options:   Counts1 Year3 Year

Metrics Details

  • Citations
    76
    • Citation Indexes
      75
    • Policy Citations
      1
      • Policy Citation
        1
  • Captures
    327
  • Mentions
    7
    • References
      4
      • Wikipedia
        4
    • News Mentions
      3
      • News
        3
  • Social Media
    283
    • Shares, Likes & Comments
      283
      • Facebook
        283

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Article Description

Background There is increasing evidence that plant based diets are associated with lower cardiovascular risk. Objective To evaluate effects of a vegan compared to an omnivorous diet on cardio-metabolic risk factors. Methods Meta-analysis of observational studies published between 1960 and June 2018 that reported one or more cardio-metabolic risk factors in vegans and controls eating an omnivorous diet were undertaken. Macro-nutrient intake and cardio-metabolic risk factors were compared by dietary pattern. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of each study. The inverse-variance method was used to pool mean differences. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan software version 5•2 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen. Results 40 studies with 12 619 vegans and 179 630 omnivores were included. From food frequency questionnaires in 28 studies, vegans compared to omnivores consumed less energy (-11%, 95% confidence interval -14 to -8) and less saturated fat (- 51%, CI -57 to -45). Compared to controls vegans had a lower body mass index (-1.72 kg/m , CI -2.30 to -1.16), waist circumference (-2.35 cm, CI -3.93 to -0.76), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.49 mmol/L CI -0.62 to -0.36), triglycerides (-0.14 mmol/L, CI -0.24 to -0.05), fasting blood glucose (-0.23 mmol/, CI -0.35 to -0.10), and systolic (-2.56 mmHg, CI -4.66 to -0.45) and diastolic blood pressure (-1.33 mmHg, CI -2.67 to -0.02), p<0.0001 for all. Results were consistent for studies with < and 50 vegans, and published before and after 2010. However in several large studies from Taiwan a vegan diet was not associated with favourable cardio-metabolic risk factors compared to the control diets. Conclusion In most countries a vegan diet is associated with a more favourable cardio- metabolic profile compared to an omnivorous diet.

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