Antihyperglycemic, antiglycation, anti-hypercholesteremic, and toxicity evaluation with gas chromatography mass spectrometry profiling for Aloe armatissima leaves

Aloe species are known for the treatment of various conditions including diabetes mellitus, hypocholesteremia, and glycation end products. Nevertheless, the biological activity of Aloe armatissima is yet to be reported. It is a first-time report to evaluate the Aloe armatissima leaves (AAL) extract for its antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic potential. In vitro tests of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl for the antioxidant and HSA for the antiglycation activity whereas in vivo models were used to assess the toxicity, antihyperglycemic, and anti-hypercholesteremic effects. The volatile profile was determined via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The IC values of 116 ± 0.66 (μg/mL) for antioxidant activity and 0.21 ± 0.009 (mg/mL) for antiglycation activity were observed for the AAL extract. The acute toxicity in the animal model revealed a lack of toxicity for the extract. The in vivo models exhibited a dose-dependent hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects with significant (P < 0.01) blood glucose levels reduction. Moreover, a profound decrease in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL along with a significant (P < 0.05) increase in HDL and serum insulin levels was recorded. The statistical analysis demonstrated the values of F = 23.95, P = 0.001, effect size = 1.95 (normoglycemic mice), F = 143.21, P = 0.001, effect size = 4.79 (glucose loaded mice), and F = 82.69, P = 0.001, effect size = 3.6 (diabetic model). GCMS showed the presence of eleven compounds with tetratetracontane (100%), β-sitosterol (27.76), and vitamin E (18.68) in major amounts. The results underscore the extract's capacity to effectively combat various ailments; however, the active phytochemicals need to be isolated and the pharmacological activities may be established at the molecular level.