Phosphorescent OLEDs for solid-state lighting

Several properties of phosphorescent emitters and various device architectures enable high-efficacy white phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). For example, white OLEDs (WOLED) can avail of phosphorescent exciplex states that efficiently produce very broad emission. The level of efficacy suggests that WOLEDs could be used for solid-state lighting applications, so tools and methods have been developed to screen new materials and to model electro-optical characteristics for the optimization of device efficiency. After two decades of research on WOLEDs, commercialization of devices is close to widespread adoption because of many advances in the technology, and the next decade may clarify the success of phosphorescent OLEDs for solid-state lighting.