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Two cell lines from bone marrow that differ in terms of collagen synthesis, osteogenic characteristics, and matrix mineralization

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series A, ISSN: 0021-9355, Vol: 75, Issue: 1, Page: 92-105
1993
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Two cloned cell lines were isolated from cultures of mouse bone-marrow cells. One of the lines, D1, exhibited osteogenic properties and synthesized type-I collagen (α1)α2. The second cell line, D2, was not osteogenic and produced a collagen homotrimer (α1). Whereas the extracellular matrix of the D1 cell cultures contained striated collagen fibrils, presumably composed of type-I collagen, the homotrimer-producing D2 cells did not demonstrate striated collagen fibrils. Instead, they had thin filaments without detectable striations. Sodium ascorbate stimulated collagen synthesis at the transcriptional level in both the D1 and the D2 cells. The bone-producing characteristics of D1 in vitro included high levels of alkaline phosphatase, increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate on treatment with parathyroid hormone, and expression of osteocalcin mRNA. The D1 cells, unlike the D2 cells, produced a mineralized matrix in vitro. Mineralization in the cultures of the D1 cells occurred in nodules of increased cell density, which also contained the cells with the highest concentrations of collagen mRNA, as shown by in situ hybridization. When the D1 cells were implanted in a diffusion chamber in vivo, a mixture of both osteogenic and adipogenic tissues was formed. This indicates that the D1 cell line is derived from an early marrow stromal precursor that is multipotential. Clinical Relevance: The bone-forming capacity of D1 cells confirms that bone marrow cells are osteogenic. Cells from the bone marrow appear to participate in fracture- healing and ingrowth of bone into prosthetic implants. The D1 cell line may be a suitable system in which to study, both in vitro and in vivo, the cellular and biochemical events associated with formation of bone as well as the effects of growth factors, hormones, and drugs.

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