Application of linear impulse momentum theory to the hammering problem

For many years, researchers have observed and studied the transient hydraulic problem in pipe flow. The influence of water mass on the valve body during fast closing was evaluated using the mass and momentum principle and shocked wave theory. These two physical principles were used to evaluate the pressure rise caused by closing the valve vastly for orifice flow. According to recent studies, the Joukowsky Equation is a well-known formula that approximates orifice tank systems but is up to three times overvalued for pressured systems with two tanks. This created confusion while using this formula for designing valves in pipe flow. This paper presents a formula for the prediction of the pressure rise resulting from fast valve closure based on the well-known impulse momentum principle, which states that the magnitude and duration of the applied force have an impact on the momentum change of a mass object. The impulse-momentum theory is applied here when the fluid mass in the pipe collides with the valve body as it closes rapidly. To demonstrate the concept, this paper provides examples and an experimental program for validation, which is also confirmed by recent experimental programs used in the literature.