The Effect of Deforestation on COVID-19 Transmission to Indigenous Peoples in Brazil: A Panel Fixed-Effects Analysis Before and after Vaccination
SSRN Electronic Journal
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Example: if you select the 1-year option for an article published in 2019 and a metric category shows 90%, that means that the article or review is performing better than 90% of the other articles/reviews published in that journal in 2019. If you select the 3-year option for the same article published in 2019 and the metric category shows 90%, that means that the article or review is performing better than 90% of the other articles/reviews published in that journal in 2019, 2018 and 2017.
Citation Benchmarking is provided by Scopus and SciVal and is different from the metrics context provided by PlumX Metrics.
Article Description
Background: Brazil has the second-largest death toll during the COVID-19 pandemic, with indigenous peoples disproportionately affected among ethnic groups. Parallel to the pandemic, Brazil has recorded the highest rate of deforestation globally, with encroachments into indigenous territories. Using open access data and robust econometric techniques, we aimed to determine the effect of deforestation on COVID-19 cases in indigenous populations. Methods: The primary panel data at the municipality level covers daily data from March 2020 to September 2021, when the third vaccine dose roll-out was initiated. Key variables used are COVID-19 cases among indigenous peoples, deforestation alerts, and vaccination records. We used fixed-effects regression models to identify the main effects. Findings: Our main results for the pre-vaccination period indicate that a daily increase in deforestation per 100 km2 is associated, on average, with the confirmation of 1·33 [95% CI 0·395 – 2·267] new daily cases of COVID-19 among indigenous people 14 days after deforestation warnings. Our estimates suggest that deforestation explains at least 3% of all COVID-19 cases among indigenous populations. The association between the two variables disappears after the vaccination program. The conflict between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples is a relevant factor in explaining COVID-19 transmission through deforestation. Interpretation: Deforestation induced COVID-19 transmission to Brazil’s indigenous peoples before the vaccine roll-out. Our findings highlight the importance of analyzing health from a broader perspective that incorporates environmental and equity considerations to inform policy-making. Funding Information: This study did not have a funding source. Declaration of Interests: None.
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