ICG-loaded pegylated BSA-silver nanoparticles for effective photothermal cancer therapy

Purpose: Indocyanine green (ICG), a near infrared (NIR) dye clinically approved in medical diagnostics, possesses great heat conversion efficiency, which renders itself as an effective photosensitizer for photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer. However, there remain bottleneck challenges for use in PTT, which are the poor photo and plasma stability of ICG. To address these problems, in this research, ICG-loaded silver nanoparticles were prepared and evaluated for the applicability as an effective agent for photothermal cancer therapy. Methods and Results: PEGylated bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated silver core/shell nanoparticles were synthesized with a high loading of ICG (“PEG-BSA-AgNP/ICG”). Physical characterization was carried out using size analyzer, transmission electron micro-scopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry to identify successful preparation and size stability. ICG-loading content and the photothermal conversion efficiency of the particles were confirmed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and laser instruments. In vitro studies showed that the PEG-BSA-AgNP/ICG could provide great photostability for ICG, and their applicability for PTT was verified from the cellular study results. Furthermore, when the PEG-BSA-AgNP/ICG were tested in vivo, study results exhibited that ICG could stably remain in the blood circulation for a markedly long period (plasma half-life: 112 min), and about 1.7% ID/g tissue could be accumulated in the tumor tissue at 4 h post-injection. Such nanoparticle accumulation in the tumor enabled tumor surface temperature to be risen to 50°C (required for photo-ablation) by laser irradiation and led to successful inhibition of tumor growth in the B16F10 s.c. syngeneic nude mice model, with minimal systemic toxicity. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that PEG-BSA-AgNPs could serve as effective carriers for delivering ICG to the tumor tissue with great stability and safety.