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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE FORMATION OF PENSION SYSTEM IN THE RURAL AREAS OF CHINA

Vostok (Oriens), ISSN: 0869-1908, Vol: 2023, Issue: 4, Page: 90-102
2023
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Article Description

The following article is the first of its kind research of China’s social support measures for rural population and their development from the 1950s to current times. It depicts the indistinct stages of pension system institutionalization since the time it appeared and up to the present day. The major peculiarity of the Chinese society lies in a huge gap between urban and rural standards of living. Its present characteristics have developed due to the historical environment of official employment in Chinese villages, where social and pension governmental support had been previously absent. In the study, latent periods of switching from one pension form to the others are revealed. Even though China’s social support measures for rural population has existed for merely one hundred years, different pension forms have replaced each other dramatically during this time while specific aspects of moral issues, family relations and social structures of the Chinese society complicate the situation. Various aspects of the rural pension policy in China are poorly researched at the moment. The article fills out this important gap and gives much attention to its social, cultural and economical aspects. The evolution of the Chinese rural pension policy starts from the “Five Guarantees” system, continues with the “Baoji model” and concludes with the current “New Pension System” development. This system is aimed to equalize rural and urban pension rights in China. In conclusion, due to the National Social Policy, every Chinese rural citizen aged 60 and older has acquired pension entitlements as late as 2014. This fact can indicate that the primary maturity of China’s state pension system for the elderly rural population has been reached.

Bibliographic Details

Liubov A. Lebedintseva; Pavel P. Deriugin; Natalia Y. Simonenko

The Russian Academy of Sciences

Social Sciences; Arts and Humanities

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