Agrorefinery synthesis using empty palm fruit bunches as feedstock via superstructure optimization

In this work has synthesized two superstructures that encompass technological alternatives applicable to the empty fruit discarded bunches on extract palm oil process to produce ethanol, bio-fertilizer and substrate for animal feed under agrorefinery concept. A bibliographic review of processes was realized where technologies or conversion operators, chemical species generated and the actual yields of each of them were checked. Superstructures were limited to a maximum of five layers of conversion operators, considering chemical and physical transformation technologies. The best topology of agrorefinery was selected using process optimization based on the production yield of the final products. As results, it was observed that branches of the superstructure that present the best yields for ethanol production had the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) technology. This technology is better than the separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) technology but requires operating conditions that are suitable for both the hydrolytic enzymes and the microorganisms involved in the processes steps. About biofertilizers and, substrate for animal feed, the technology of mycotic treatment with Pleurotus sajor-caju then a sludge co-composting and phytoremediation of effluent presented satisfactory results.