Distributed Bragg reflectors for GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Applied Sciences (Switzerland), ISSN: 2076-3417, Vol: 9, Issue: 8
2019
- 61Citations
- 59Captures
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Example: if you select the 1-year option for an article published in 2019 and a metric category shows 90%, that means that the article or review is performing better than 90% of the other articles/reviews published in that journal in 2019. If you select the 3-year option for the same article published in 2019 and the metric category shows 90%, that means that the article or review is performing better than 90% of the other articles/reviews published in that journal in 2019, 2018 and 2017.
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Review Description
Adistributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is a key building block in the formation of semiconductor microcavities and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). The success in epitaxial GaAs DBR mirrors paved the way for the ubiquitous deployment of III-V VCSELs in communication and mobile applications. However, a similar development of GaN-based blue VCSELs has been hindered by challenges in preparing DBRs that are mass producible. In this article, we provide a review of the history and current status of forming DBRs for GaN VCSELs. In general, the preparation of DBRs requires an optimization of epitaxy/fabrication processes, together with trading off parameters in optical, electrical, and thermal properties. The effort of epitaxial DBRs commenced in the 1990s and has evolved from using AlGaN, AlN, to using lattice-matched AlInN with GaN for DBRs. In parallel, dielectric DBRs have been studied since 2000 and have gone through a few design variations including epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) and vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSEL). A recent trend is the use of selective etching to incorporate airgap or nanoporous GaN as low-index media in an epitaxial GaN DBR structure. The nanoporous GaN DBR represents an offshoot from the traditional epitaxial approach and may provide the needed flexibility in forming manufacturable GaN VCSELs. The trade-offs and limitations of each approach are also presented.
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