Rgo functionalized ZnO–TiO core-shell flower-like architectures for visible light photocatalysis

Core-shell heterostructures with a complex, flower-like morphology, comprising a ZnO core and a TiO shell decorated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets by hydrothermal wrapping, are reported to extend the absorption properties of the semiconductors toward the visible light range. The ternary photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV–Vis, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Its photocatalytic performance was evaluated under visible light irradiation using methylene blue dye as a model pollutant. The rGO-modified ZnO–TiO photocatalyst exhibited superior photoactivity compared to that of the parent ZnO–TiO core-shell structures, which was dependent on its graphene content. The enhanced photocatalytic response was attributed to the higher absorption in the visible light range, as well as the pronounced electron and hole separation in the ternary system.