An experimental study of the effects of low-calcium fly ash on type ii concrete

In this study, the compressive strength and the permeation properties of fly ash-based Geopolymer were experimentally investigated. Type 2 Portland cement (T2PC) was partially or entirely replaced with 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, and 100% of fly ash (FA). The laboratory tests were conducted for compressive strength at 7, 28, and 90 days, and permeation properties such as water absorption at 7 and 28 days. The main goal was to produce eco-friendly concrete with high strength and low permeability through blending cementitious materials including low Calcium (Ca) (T2PC and FA) for protecting concrete against sulphate attacks and other chemically destructive compounds in the environment. This study focused on the effectiveness of the curing period, combinations of chemical activators by varying the molarity of alkaline solutions between 4.16 and 12.96 M and keeping the sodium silicate (SS) to sodium hydroxide (SH) by the weight ratio of 2.5. Lab observations from this study demonstrated that the compressive strength was enhanced with the increment in fly ash content at all ages, with optimum being at 20% as the replacement of T2PC.