A Comprehensive Spatio-Temporal Model for Subway Passenger Flow Prediction

Accurate subway passenger flow prediction is crucial to operation management and line scheduling. It can also promote the construction of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Due to the complex spatial features and time-varying traffic patterns of subway networks, the prediction task is still challenging. Thus, a hybrid neural network model, GCTN (graph convolutional and comprehensive temporal neural network), is proposed. The model combines the Transformer network and long short-term memory (LSTM) network to capture the global and local temporal de-pendency. Besides, it uses a graph convolutional network (GCN) to capture the spatial features of the subway network. For the sake of the stability and accuracy for long-term passenger flow predic-tion, we enhance the influence of the station itself and the global station and combine the convolu-tional neural networks (CNN) and Transformer. The model is verified by the passenger flow data of the Shanghai Subway. Compared with some typical data-driven methods, the results show that the proposed model improves the prediction accuracy in different time intervals and exhibits supe-riority in prediction stability and robustness. Besides, the model has a better performance in the peak value and the period when passenger flow changes quickly.