Electronic Processes at the Carbon‐Covered (100) Collector Tungsten Surface
Micromachines, ISSN: 2072-666X, Vol: 13, Issue: 6
2022
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Article Description
We have performed density functional VASP calculations of a pure and of a carbon‐covered (100) tungsten surface under the presence of an electric field E directed away from the surface. Our aim is to answer the question of an increased penetrability of electrons at the collector side of a nanometric tunnel diode when covered by carbon atoms, a purely quantum mechanical effect related to the value of the workfunction Φ. To obtain Φ at a non‐zero electric field we have extrapolated back to the electrical surface the straight line representing the linear increase in the potential energy with distance outside the metal‐vacuum interface. We have found that under the presence of E the workfunction Φ = Evac–EF of the (100) pure tungsten surface has a minor dependence on E. However, the carbon‐covered tungsten (100) surface workfunction Φ(C–W) has a stronger E dependence. Φ(C–W) decreases continuously with the electric field. This decrease is ΔΦ = 0.08 eV when E = 1 V/nm. This ΔΦ is explained by our calculated changes with electric field of the electronic density of both pure and carbon‐covered tungsten. The observed phenomena may be relevant to other surfaces of carbon‐covered tungsten and may explain the reported collector dependence of current in Scanning Field Emission Microscopy.
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