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Theoretical estimation of energy balance components in water networks for top-down approach

Water (Switzerland), ISSN: 2073-4441, Vol: 13, Issue: 8
2021
  • 6
    Citations
  • 0
    Usage
  • 11
    Captures
  • 1
    Mentions
  • 0
    Social Media
Metric Options:   Counts1 Year3 Year

Metrics Details

  • Citations
    6
    • Citation Indexes
      6
  • Captures
    11
  • Mentions
    1
    • Blog Mentions
      1
      • Blog
        1

Article Description

The energy balance calculation for pressurized water networks is an important step in assessing the energy efficiency of water distribution systems. However, the calculation generally requires mathematical modelling of the water networks to estimate three important energy components: outgoing energy through water loss (E ), friction energy loss (E ) and energy associated with water loss (E ). Based on a theoretical energy balance analysis of simplified pipe networks, a simple method is proposed to estimate E, E and E with minimum data requirements: input energy, water loss (WL) and head loss between the source and the minimum energy point (∆H). By inclusion of the head loss in water networks into the estimation, the percentages of E and E are lower and higher, respectively, than using only the percentage of WL. The percentage of E can be a function of the percentage of ∆H. By demonstrating our analysis with the simulation results from the mathematical models of 20 real water networks, the proposed method can be used to effectively estimate E, E and E as a top-down energy balance approach.

Bibliographic Details

Surachai Lipiwattanakarn; Suparak Kaewsang; Natchapol Charuwimolkul; Jiramate Changklom; Adichai Pornprommin

MDPI AG

Social Sciences; Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Environmental Science

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