Profile of Sensitization in Children with IgE-Mediated Allergy

Introduction. The problem of allergic diseases in children is relevant in connection with the growth of this pathology, the difficulties of early diagnosis, and the choice of appropriate therapy. The prevalence of allergies is determined by genetic, climatic, geographical, environmental and other factors. To increase the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children, it is relevant to know the regional characteristics of the spectrum of sensitization to allergens. Purpose. To study the structure of sensitization in children with IgE-mediated allergies. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of the level of specific IgE antibodies to pollen, food, epidermal, domestic and fungal allergens in children at the age from 6 months up to 14 years with clinical symptoms of allergy (respiratory, skin, gastrointestinal) was carried out. Blood samples were taken from January to November 2019. Quantitative determination of serum allergen-specific IgE antibodies was carried out with the method of immunoblotting (R-Biopharm, Germany) on the base of the biochemical laboratory of the Children’s Regional Clinical Hospital in Grodno. Results. According to the results, in the structure of sensitization in children with IgE-mediated allergy, the leading role belongs to food allergens (p<0.05) – 49.42% (CI: 43.36–55.49). In the group of food allergens of animal origin, the sensitization rate to protein of chicken eggs (38.13% (32.41– 44.21)) and cow’s milk (30.74% (25.41–36, 64)) prevails (p<0.05), in the group of food allergens of plant origin – to proteins of wheat (13.62 (10.92–18.38)) and hazelnuts (17.86% (11.02–24.51)). In the group of inhaled allergens, sensitization to house dust mites was found in 34.38% (CI: 28.28–41.26) of children, to pollen allergens – in 33.99% (27.82–40.76) of children, to epidermal allergens – in 26.5% (20.98–33.09) of children, to fungal allergens – in 19.3% (13.04–27.56) of children. Conclusion. The regional characteristics of the sensitization spectrum in children with IgE-mediated allergies should be taken into account when designing programs for prevention and treatment of allergic diseases among children.