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Feasibility study on the utilization of low-cost sawdust for adsorption of caffeine: equilibrium, optimization, and response surface modeling

Desalination and Water Treatment, ISSN: 1944-3986, Vol: 276, Page: 271-281
2022
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The study focuses on the adsorption of caffeine (CAF) from aqueous solutions onto sawdust (SD), a naturally available, eco-friendly, and low-cost adsorbent. The influence of various operating parameters such as; CAF initial concentration (5–20 mg/L), SD dosage (0.5–3.0 g/L), and pH (3.0–9.0) was investigated in detail. The experimental results of the adsorption process showed the maximum CAF removal efficiency of 94.5% at optimized conditions (CAF initial concentration 5 mg/L, SD dosage 2.0 g/L, and pH 7.0). The applicability of adsorption isotherm models for CAF removal by SD has also been revealed. The R 2 values obtained for Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms (0.9371 and 0.9966) showed that the Freundlich isotherm model with the higher R 2 value of 0.9966 had better suitability than the Langmuir isotherm model. The suitability of experimental data was analyzed with response surface methodology using Design-Expert software. The obtained analysis of variance results with a coefficient of determination; R 2 = 0.9643 and adjusted R 2 value = 0.9516 demonstrated good agreement between experimental and predicted data. The 3D surface plots confirm the significance of all the three parameters investigated.

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