Archaeology and nationalism: The development of archaeology in Catalonia in the early twentieth century

After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the European states began to use archaeological research as a way to legitimize their political aspirations. In Catalonia, towards the end of the nineteenth century, the cultural movements of the Renaixença and Noucentisme called for a renaissance of Catalan culture that would underscore its distinctive nature visà-vis the Spanish state. This proposal was quickly followed by political demands for self-government and recognition of the Catalan language and its areas of influence. For instance, Enric Prat de la Riba, one of the main activists and ideologists of Catalan nationalism, used the results of the excavations of Empúries as the basis of his politics of difference. This paper explores the influence of nationalism on the organization of Catalan archaeology through an analysis of the political discourses of the leaders of the Regionalist League of Catalonia (Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya) and the archives of the History and Archaeology Section of the Institute of Catalan Studies (Institut d'Estudis Catalans).