Topographic Mapping Using GPS Functionality in the New Delta

Topographic maps are essential for addressing geospatial challenges, offering precise, detailed information. Historically, they relied on analog surveying methods, which were labor-intensive, costly, and often inaccurate, involving outdated tools. This study evaluates the accuracy of topographic mapping techniques compared to traditional 1:50,000 scale maps for the New Delta in Egypt. The methodology uses a Global Positioning system post-processing kinematic GPS-PPK points in a 500m x 500m grid to create maps more efficiently in terms of time and cost. Elevation data was collected from 32 control points and two grids: a 500m x 500m GPS kinematic grid and a 25m x 25m terrestrial grid. A volume surface model was generated to analyze the differences between the traditional map and GPS-derived surface models. The analysis showed that the traditional map had a higher standard deviation and mean error compared to the GPS grid 500 m * 500 m. The RMS error for the traditional map was 5.56m, while the GPS kinematic grid achieved a significantly lower RMS of 2.39m. The study highlights the importance of using advanced GPS techniques for enhanced accuracy in land management and development planning in Egypt's New Delta, considering the associated costs and time involved.